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Xin Liu
Xin Liu is a Research Lead and Staff Research Scientist at Google Health. His research spans AI for health and science, LLM reasoning, and machine learning. He aims to build unified AGI systems that benefit society.
He leads frontier health research programs in the training and evaluation of health LLMs for consumer health agents, automated health research and RSI, and sensor foundation models. His work includes Google’s frontier models in personal health, including SensorFM, SensorLM, the Large Sensor Model (LSM), Personal Health Agent, and Personal Health LLM (PH-LLM). He is also a core contributor to the tabular reasoning and data science capabilities of Gemini and Gemma.
He received his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Washington in 2023, where he was advised by Shwetak Patel and Daniel McDuff. His PhD research was supported by the Google PhD Fellowship .
Before joining UW, he obtained his bachelor’s degree in computer science from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2018, where he started his research with Sunghoon Ivan Lee .
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Selected Publications
Venues in dark blue; paper titles in blue; roles/remarks in red.
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[9]
Girish Narayanswamy, Maxwell A. Xu, A. Ali Heydari, Samy Abdel-Ghaffar, Marius Guerard, Kara Vaillancourt, Zhihan Zhang, Jake Garrison, Levi Albuquerque, Dimitris Spathis, Hong Yu, Hamid Palangi, Xuhai Xu, David G.T. Barrett, Joseph Breda, Jed McGiffin, Yubin Kim, Yuwei Zhang, Naghmeh Rezaei, Samuel Solomon, Karan Ahuja, Tim Althoff, Jake Sunshine, Ming-Zher Poh, Benjamin Yetton, Ari Winbush, Nicholas B. Allen, James M. Rehg, Isaac Galatzer-Levy, Yun Liu, John Hernandez, Anupam Pathak, Conor Heneghan, Yuzhe Yang, Ahmed A. Metwally, Pushmeet Kohli, Mark Malhotra, Shwetak Patel, Xin Liu $, Daniel McDuff $
SensorFM: Towards a General Intelligence and Interface for Wearable Health Data
Under Review at Nature, 2026
$ Co-senior, Co-Corresponding Author.
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[8]
A. Ali Heydari#, Ken Gu#, Vidya Srinivas#, Hong Yu#, Zhihan Zhang, Yuwei Zhang, Akshay Paruchuri, Qian He, Hamid Palangi, Nova Hammerquist, Ahmed A. Metwally, Brent Winslow, Yubin Kim, Kumar Ayush, Yuzhe Yang, Girish Narayanswamy, Maxwell A. Xu, Jake Garrison, Amy Aremnto Lee, Jenny Vafeiadou, Ben Graef, Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy, Erik Schenck, Andrew Barakat, Javier Perez, Jacqueline Shreibati, John Hernandez, Anthony Z. Faranesh, Javier L. Prieto, Connor Heneghan, Yun Liu, Jiening Zhan, Mark Malhotra, Shwetak Patel, Tim Althoff, Xin Liu$, Daniel McDuff$, Xuhai Xu$
The Anatomy of a Personal Health Agent
Nature, 2026
$ Equal Leadership, Corresponding Author# Equal Contribution
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[7]
Yuwei Zhang #, Kumar Ayush #, Siyuan Qiao, A. Ali Heydari, Girish Narayanswamy, Maxwell A. Xu, Ahmed A. Metwally, Shawn Xu, Jake Garrison, Xuhai Xu, Tim Althoff, Yun Liu, Pushmeet Kohli, Jiening Zhan, Mark Malhotra, Shwetak Patel, Cecilia Mascolo, Xin Liu, Daniel McDuff, Yuzhe Yang
SensorLM: Learning the Language of Wearable Sensors
NeurIPS, 2025
$ Co-senior Author, Core Contributor.
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[6]
Ahmed A. Metwally, A. Ali Heydari, Daniel McDuff, Alexandru Solot, Zeinab Esmaeilpour, Anthony Z. Faranesh, Menglian Zhou, Girish Narayanswamy, Maxwell A. Xu, Xin Liu, Yuzhe Yang, David B. Savage, Mark Malhotra, Conor Heneghan, Shwetak Patel, Cathy Speed, Javier L. Prieto
Insulin Resistance Prediction from Wearables and Routine Blood Biomarkers
Nature, 2026
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[5]
Yujia Liu$, Sophia Yu, Hongyue Jin, Jessica Wen, Alexander Qian, Terrence Lee, Mattheus Ramsis, Gi Won Choi, Lianhui Qin, Xin Liu$, Edward J. Wang$
A Multi-Agent Framework Combining Large Language Models With Medical Flowcharts For Self-Triage
Nature Health, 2026
$ Co-Corresponding Author
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[4]
Mike A. Merrill #, Akshay Paruchuri #, Naghmeh Rezaei, Geza Kovacs, Javier Perez, Yun Liu, Erik Schenck, Nova Hammerquist, Jake Sunshine, Shyam Tailor, Kumar Ayush, Hao-Wei Su, Qian He, Cory Y. McLean, Mark Malhotra, Shwetak Patel, Jiening Zhan, Tim Althoff $, Daniel McDuff $, Xin Liu $
Transforming Wearable Data into Health Insights Using Large Language Model Agents
Nature Communications, 2025
$ Equal Leadership, Corresponding Author# Equal Contribution, Primary host of the first authors.Incorporated in a Google product.
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[3]
Justin Khasentino#, Anastasiya Belyaeva#$, Xin Liu #$, Zhun Yang#, Nicholas A. Furlotte#, Chace Lee, Erik Schenck, Yojan Patel, Jian Cui, Logan Douglas Schneider, Robby Bryant, Ryan G. Gomes, Allen Jiang, Roy Lee, Yun Liu, Javier Perez, Jameson K. Rogers, Cathy Speed, Shyam Tailor, Megan Walker, Jeffrey Yu, Tim Althoff, Conor Heneghan, John Hernandez, Mark Malhotra, Leor Stern, Yossi Matias, Greg S. Corrado, Shwetak Patel, Shravya Shetty, Jiening Zhan, Shruthi Prabhakara, Daniel McDuff$, Cory Y. McLean$
A Personal Health Large Language Model for Sleep and Fitness Coaching
Nature Medicine, 2025
# Equal Contribution$ Corresponding Author
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[2]
Girish Narayanswamy #, Xin Liu #$, Kumar Ayush, Yuzhe Yang, Xuhai Xu, Shun Liao, Jake Garrison, Shyam Tailor, Jake Sunshine, Yun Liu, Tim Althoff, Shrikanth Narayanan, Pushmeet Kohli, Jiening Zhan, Mark Malhotra, Shwetak Patel, Samy Abdel-Ghaffar, Daniel McDuff†$
Scaling Wearable Foundation Models
ICLR, 2025
$ Equal Leadership, Corresponding Author# Equal Contribution, Co-host of the first author.
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[1]
Shun Liao #, Paolo Di Achille #, Jiang Wu #, Silviu Borac #, Jonathan Wang #, Xin Liu #, Eric Teasley #, Lawrence Cai, Yun Liu, Daniel McDuff, Hao-Wei Su, Brent Winslow, Anupam Pathak, Shwetak Patel, Jameson K. Rogers, Ming-Zher Poh
Passive Heart Rate Monitoring During Smartphone Use in Everyday Life
Nature, 2025
# Equal Contribution. Derived from my PhD research. Incorporated in a Google product.
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[5]
Yubin Kim, Ken Gu, Chanwoo Park, Chunjong Park, Samuel Schmidgall, A. Ali Heydari, Yao Yan, Zhihan Zhang, Yuchen Zhuang, Yun Liu, Mark Malhotra, Paul Pu Liang, Hae Won Park, Yuzhe Yang, Xuhai Xu, Yilun Du, Shwetak Patel, Tim Althoff, Daniel McDuff, Xin Liu
Capable language models can outgrow the benefits of collaboration
Nature Machine Intelligence, 2026
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[4]
Gemma Team, Sherif El Abd, Vaibhav Aggarwal, ... Xin Liu, ...
Gemma 4 Technical Report
Tech Report, 2026
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[3]
Gheorghe Comanici, Eric Bieber, Mike Schaekermann, Ice Pasupat, Noveen Sachdeva, Inderjit Dhillon, Marcel Blistein, Ori Ram, Dan Zhang, Evan Rosen, ... Xin Liu, ...
Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities
Tech Report, 2025
Core contributor of tabular reasoning and data science reasoning.
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[2]
Ken Gu, Zhihan Zhang, Kate Lin, Yuwei Zhang, Akshay Paruchuri, Hong Yu, Mehran Kazemi, Kumar Ayush, A Ali Heydari, Maxwell A Xu, Girish Narayanswamy, Yun Liu, Ming-Zher Poh, Yuzhe Yang, Mark Malhotra, Shwetak Patel, Hamid Palangi, Xuhai Xu, Daniel McDuff, Tim Althoff, Xin Liu
RADAR: Benchmarking Language Models on Imperfect Tabular Data
NeurIPS, 2025
Integrated in Gemini. Primary host of the first author.
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[1]
Mehran Kazemi, Bahare Fatemi, Hritik Bansal, John Palowitch, Chrysovalantis Anastasiou, Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, Lalit K. Jain, Virginia Aglietti, Disha Jindal, Peter Chen, Nishanth Dikkala, Gladys Tyen, Xin Liu, Uri Shalit, Silvia Chiappa, Kate Olszewska, Yi Tay, Vinh Q. Tran, Quoc V. Le, Orhan Firat
Big-Bench Extra Hard
ACL (Main), 2025
Integrated in Gemini. Core contributor of tabular reasoning.
Full publication list → Google Scholar
During my free time, I enjoy playing tennis, skiing, snowboarding, biking,
and climbing with my partner. I have a cute cat called
Cooper!
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